The Court of Appeal has allocated nine courts to deal with terrorism and espionage cases, judicial sources said on Thursday.
The courts will start working in February and will hear cases related to internal or foreign security issues.
They will also rule on cases involving members of the Muslim Brotherhood, which was designated a terrorist group in December.
The government has been cracking down hard on Islamists since the ouster of president Mohamed Morsi in July.
Morsi and other senior Brotherhood leaders are on trial in four separate cases on charges including collaborating with Palestinian group Hamas against the Egyptian state, killing protesters and escaping from prison during the 2011 revolution.
On Wednesday, 20 Al Jazeera journalists, including an Australian, a Dutch and two Britons, were referred to a criminal court.
The Egyptians are accused of belonging to a terrorist organisation and harming national unity and social peace. The foreigners are accused of collaborating with the Egyptians and providing them with information, equipment, and money, as well as broadcasting false information and rumours to convince the international community that Egypt was undergoing a civil war.
The potential penalty for membership of a terrorist organisation is five years in prison. While life imprisonment or the death penalty is available for those leading such a group and in cases of conspiracy or spying, according Article 86 of the penal code.
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