Ambulances were dispatched to the scene and the injured were taken to hospital, the health ministry said.
The accident took place when a large truck on the road caught fire, which spread to an adjacent truck and caused eight cars in the rear to collide.
Police have detained the driver who allegedly caused the accident, which is still being investigated.
Traffic resumed on the Middle Ring Road highway after the vehicles involved in the accident were removed.
Deadly road accidents take place on a near-daily basis in Egypt, which suffers from poorly maintained road infrastructure and loosely applied traffic regulations.
The government has allocated billions of pounds to developing and expanding road networks and bolstering safety in recent years.
Officials say the development of roads and highways in Egypt managed to reduce road fatalities by 44 percent in 2019/2020.
Short link: