US President Joe Biden has urged both sides to accept a ceasefire plan before Ramadan begins, which could be as early as Sunday depending on the sighting of the crescent moon.
However, mediators in Egypt have struggled to overcome tough obstacles in their attempts to negotiate a pause, while the United Nations has warned that famine looms for Palestinians trapped by Israel's relentless bombardment and siege of the territory.
"It is a tragedy for humankind and a disgrace for civilisation that today, in the 21st century, this humanitarian disaster cannot be stopped," Chinese Foreign Minister Wang Yi told a news conference in Beijing.
China, historically sympathetic to the Palestinian cause, has been calling for a ceasefire since the Israeli war began on 7 October.
"The international community must act urgently, making an immediate ceasefire and the cessation of hostilities an overriding priority, and ensuring humanitarian relief an urgent moral responsibility," Wang said.
Israeli bombardment has reduced vast stretches of Gaza to a wasteland of gutted buildings and rubble and Israel's siege has sparked a humanitarian disaster for its 2.4 million people.
'Catastrophic' hunger levels
The Palestinian health ministry in Gaza said Wednesday that 20 people have died of malnutrition and dehydration, at least half of them children.
Only limited aid has reached Gaza's north, where the UN's World Food Programme has warned that hunger has reached "catastrophic levels" in northern Gaza, where aid has been limited.
"Children are dying of hunger-related diseases and suffering severe levels of malnutrition," the WFP said.
According to Gaza's health ministry, one of the latest victims was a 15-year-old girl who died at Gaza City's Al-Shifa Hospital.
Health ministry spokesman Ashraf al-Qudra said "the famine in northern Gaza has reached lethal levels" and could claim thousands of lives unless Gaza receives more aid and medical supplies.
Gazans were waiting to collect bags of flour outside a UN refugee agency office in the southern city of Rafah, now home to nearly 1.5 million Palestinians, most of them displaced by Israel's invasion.
"The flour they provide is not enough," said displaced man Muhammad Abu Odeh. "They do not provide us with sugar or anything else except flour."
In Khan Younis, southern Gaza's largest city, dozens of people went to inspect their homes and take what belongings they could recover after Israeli forces pulled out of the city centre, an AFP correspondent said.
The Israeli army has yet to respond to an AFP request to confirm such a withdrawal.
Ramadan tensions
Israel's war on the Palestinian territory has killed at least 30,717 people, mostly women and children, according to the Gaza health ministry.
Biden called on Hamas on Tuesday to accept a truce plan brokered by US, Qatari and Egyptian mediators, saying "it's in the hands of Hamas right now".
The proposed deal would pause fighting for "at least six weeks", see the "release of sick, wounded, elderly and women hostages" and allow for "a surge of humanitarian assistance", the White House said.
One known sticking point centres on an Israeli demand for Hamas to provide a list of captives still being held, a task Hamas says it is unable to complete while Israeli bombing continues.
The Palestinian resistance group said in a statement it had "shown the required flexibility with the aim of reaching an agreement", insisting on a complete halt to the fighting.
Israeli violence against Palestinians has flared in past years during Ramadan in annexed east Jerusalem's Al-Aqsa mosque compound -- Islam's third-holiest site and Judaism's most sacred.
Israeli far-right politicians have called for restrictions on Muslim prayer during the holy month, adding to the ongoing discrimination against Palestinians.
Addressing the matter, Israel has said Muslims will initially be allowed into the site "in similar numbers" as in recent years, followed by a weekly "situation assessment".
'Widespread starvation'
Jordanian, US and other planes have repeatedly airdropped food into Gaza but WFP deputy chief Carl Skau said "airdrops are a last resort and will not avert famine".
South Africa petitioned the International Court of Justice on Wednesday to impose more emergency measures against Israel over what it described as "widespread starvation" in Gaza.
British Foreign Minister David Cameron also pressed Israel on Wednesday to increase the flow of aid into Gaza.
Over 100 people were shot dead in an Israeli army massacre last week as thousands of Palestinian civilians rushed to pull food off aid trucks in northern Gaza, where the famine has reached a critical level.
Another truck convoy was diverted by Israeli troops within Gaza late on Tuesday and then stopped by "a large crowd of desperate people who looted the food", the WFP said.
Israel, which has recalled its UN envoy in the face of increasing international condemnation over its war crimes and massacres in Gaza, said the UN Security Council should "designate Hamas immediately as a terrorist organisation" and impose sanctions on it.
*This story was edited by Ahram Online
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