Here are the main reactions:

Egypt’s foreign ministry expressed "grave concern" over the latest escalation, stating it "condemns all actions that threaten the security and stability of the region."

It also renewed its demand for respect for international law, international humanitarian law, and the United Nations Charter, stressing the importance of upholding national sovereignty, unity, and territorial integrity.

Qatar described the attack as a "blatant violation of Iran’s sovereignty and a clear breach of international law," according to a foreign ministry statement.

Saudi Arabia condemned Israel and its strikes on Iran as a "violation of its sovereignty" and international laws, urging all parties to "exercise the utmost restraint and reduce escalation."

Jordan said the strikes were "in violation of international law and Iran's sovereignty, and a dangerous escalation that leads to more tension in the region."

Foreign ministry spokesman Sufyan Qudah called on the international community to "assume its responsibilities and take immediate measures to impose a halt to the Israeli aggression on Gaza, the West Bank and Lebanon as a first step towards reducing the escalation".

Turkey also condemned Israel in the strongest terms, saying that "Israel, which is committing genocide in Gaza, preparing to annex the West Bank, and killing civilians every day in Lebanon, has brought our region to the brink of a larger war."

"Putting an end to the terror Israel has created in the region has become a historic duty for the establishment of international security and peace," Ankara said in a statement by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. "We call on the international community to take immediate action to uphold the law and to stop the Netanyahu government," it added.

Syria expressed its "solidarity" with Iran. The foreign ministry said it supported "Iran's legitimate right to defend itself and protect its territory and the lives of its citizens".

Iraq condemned the Israeli strikes, with government spokesman Basim Alawadi warning that Israel continues to carry out "blatant attacks" with impunity, risking a wider war in the region.

"The occupying Zionist entity continues its aggressive policies and widening the conflict in the region through blatant attacks that it carries out with impunity," Alawadi said in a statement, citing "the international community's silence" on Israeli actions.

Kuwait's foreign ministry also expressed condemnation and accused Israel of "endangering the security of the region."

Hamas also condemned Israel, describing the attack as a "flagrant violation" of Iran's sovereignty and a dangerous escalation targeting the "security of the region and the safety of its peoples."

The UAE also condemned Israel, expressing "deep concern over the continued escalation and its impact on regional security and stability."

Oman characterized the attack as a "blatant violation" of Iran’s sovereignty, stating in a foreign ministry statement that the latest Israeli attack "undermines efforts aimed at de-escalation and reducing tension."

Pakistan described the Israeli strikes as an assault on Iran’s "sovereignty and territorial integrity," stressing that it violated the UN Charter and international law while Malaysia warned that the Israeli strikes were a "clear violation of international law" that undermines regional security and pushes the region "to the brink of a wider war."

The Algerian foreign ministry "strongly condemns and denounces" Israel's military strikes on Iran, which it called "heinous aggression", and called on the international community to halt Israel from escalating conflict in the region.

Neighbouring Tunisia similarly issued a statement warning of "severe consequences" of Israel's strikes on Iran and calling on "the international community to urgently assume its responsibilities to put an end to this reckless approach".

International reactions
 

Unlike a regional outcry, main Western powers rallied behind Israel and some called for "restraint".

The United States urged Iran to stop attacking Israel to break the cycle of violence "without further escalation," claiming Israel's "response was an exercise in self-defence."

UK Prime Minister Keir Starmer said Iran should not respond to the Israeli strikes, urging restraint on all sides. "I am clear that Israel has the right to defend itself against Iranian aggression. I’m equally clear that we should avoid further regional escalation and urge all sides to show restraint. Iran should not respond," he told a news conference in Samoa, where he attended a Commonwealth leaders’ meeting.

Germany also aligned with this stance, rallying behind Israel and warning Iran against any "escalation."

France, however, "urgently called on the parties to refrain from any escalation or actions that could exacerbate the extremely tense situation prevailing in the region," according to a statement from the Foreign Ministry.

Meanwhile, Russia said it fears "explosive escalation." "We are deeply concerned about the ongoing explosive escalation between Israel and the Islamic Republic, which poses real threats to the stability and security of the region," said spokesperson Maria Zakharova in a statement. "We call on all concerned parties to exercise restraint," she added.

The European Union called for all parties to exercise utmost restraint to avoid an "uncontrollable escalation" in the Middle East after Israel carried out deadly air strikes in Iran.

"The dangerous cycle of attacks and retaliations risks causing a further expansion of the regional conflict," the 27-nation bloc said in a statement.

"While acknowledging Israel's right to self-defence, the EU calls on all parties to exercise utmost restraint to avoid an uncontrollable escalation, which is in no one's interest."

United Nations chief Antonio Guterres said he was "deeply alarmed" by the deadly air strikes, urging an end to the wider conflict in the Middle East.

Guterres "urgently reiterates his appeal to all parties to cease all military actions, including in Gaza and Lebanon," his spokesman Stephane Dujarric said in a statement, calling for "maximum efforts to prevent an all-out regional war and return to the path of diplomacy".