File Photo: A man stands by as a fire rages in a livestock market area in al-Fasher, the capital of Sudan's North Darfur state. AFP
Tens of thousands of people have been killed and more than 13 million uprooted in what the United Nations calls the world's largest hunger and displacement crises.
Here is a snapshot of where things stand:
The battle lines
On April 15, 2023, a bitter power struggle between army chief Abdel Fattah al-Burhan and his former deputy Mohamed Hamdan Daglo, who leads the paramilitary Rapid Support Forces (RSF), erupted into all-out war.
For a year and a half, the RSF rampaged across western and central Sudan and the army retreated to the east, relocating the government from Khartoum to Port Sudan on the Red Sea.
In November 2024, the army, its ranks replenished and its arsenal rebuilt, launched an offensive from the east, retaking central Sudan.
In March, Burhan announced the capital Khartoum was "free" of the RSF, cementing his upper hand.
The RSF has since ramped up its attacks in Darfur, launching a fierce assault on El-Fasher -- the last state capital in the vast western region still held by the regular army.
Full paramilitary control of Darfur would cement the partition of Sudan, with the army holding the north and east and the RSF holding the west and, with its allies, parts of the south.
Staggering human toll
The war has been marked by horrific violence against civilians, but also by a lack of confirmed death tolls.
In Khartoum alone, more than 61,000 people died during the first 14 months of war, among them 26,000 from direct violence, according to the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine.
Washington's former Sudan envoy, Tom Perriello, said in May last year some estimates for the overall death toll were as high as 150,000.
Hunger is tightening its grip, with famine declared last year in five regions across the country, including three major displacement camps in Darfur and parts of the south.
According to the United Nations, eight million people are currently on the brink of all-out famine, while nearly 25 million -- around half the population -- face acute hunger.
Healthcare system destroyed
Once fragile, Sudan's health infrastructure is now in tatters.
Nearly 90 percent of hospitals in conflict-affected areas are out of service, according to official data, either damaged by shelling, stormed by fighters or empty of staff and supplies.
Since the war began, at least 78 health workers have been killed by gunfire or shelling at their homes or workplaces, according to the doctors' union.
By October last year, the World Health Organization had recorded 119 attacks on health facilities.
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