Mahmoud 'Trezeguet' Hassan gave Ahly the lead in the 19th minute, while Marwan Ossman equalized for Ceramica four minutes before halftime.
Slovenian striker Njec Gradishar netted the winner in the 52nd minute to send Ahly through to the final, where they will face the winner of the other semi-final between Pyramids FC and Zamalek on Sunday.
Ahly began the match with high pressure, winning five corners in the first 15 minutes to signal their intent to take control early.
Trezeguet broke the deadlock in the 19th minute, losing his marker to meet an inviting cross from Ahmed 'Zizo' Sayed, powering home a header.
Ceramica responded but struggled to test Ahly goalkeeper Mohamed El Shenawy, with their attempts easily thwarted by the defense.
Moroccan winger Achraf Bencharki had a chance to double Ahly's lead, but his effort was comfortably saved by Ceramica's Mohamed Bassam.
Four minutes before the break, Ceramica equalized through Marwan Ossman, who latched onto a precise throw-in from Moroccan playmaker Ahmed Belhadj and fired past El Shenawy with a composed finish.
The second half began with Ahly retaking the lead.
In the 52nd minute, Gradishar converted a header from Bencharki, calmly slotting the ball into the net to make it 2-1.
After taking the lead, Ahly dropped deeper into their own half, allowing Ceramica to take control of possession.
Ceramica came close to leveling the score in the 75th minute, but Fagrie Lakay's close-range effort was denied by El Shenawy.
Ahly coach made a defensive switch, introducing Ahmed Ramadan in place of Bencharki, as he opted for a more cautious approach with three central defenders to protect their lead.
With Ceramica pushing forward but lacking a cutting edge, Ahly had several chances to seal the win with a third goal. However, substitutes Taher Mohamed, Mohamed BenRomadhane, and Ahmed Abdel-Kader all squandered opportunities, leaving the final whistle to bring an end to a nervy finish for the Cairo giants.
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