The Egyptian side dominated large spells of the game, particularly in the first half, which saw them repeatedly carve open Inter Miami’s defence.
But a combination of wasteful finishing and a heroic performance from Argentine goalkeeper Oscar Ustari kept the scoreline blank.
Emam Ashour saw two early efforts saved, including a one-on-one after being slipped in by Trezeguet.
Ashour was forced off with injury minutes later and replaced by Zizo.
Wessam Abou Ali also had a goal ruled out for offside and later forced Ustari into a fingertip save with a thunderous free-kick.
Centre-back Achraf Dari came close with a bullet header from a corner that Ustari pushed away at full stretch. At the same time, Hamdy Fathy and Ben Romdhane also saw their efforts comfortably held in a relentless opening 45 minutes by Ahly.
Trezeguet, one of Ahly’s most dangerous players in the opening period, had a golden chance to break the deadlock in the 43rd minute when Zizo was brought down in the box by Telasco Segovia.
But his penalty was saved by Ustari, who dived to his right to deny the winger’s powerful but central effort and then blocked the rebound.
Inter Miami, featuring Lionel Messi, Sergio Busquets and Luis Suárez, offered little in the first half but improved after the break as Messi began to find space between the lines.
The Argentine icon came closest to scoring in the 90th minute with a trademark curling effort that El Shenawy tipped onto the crossbar.
Ahly’s goalkeeper was called into action several more times late in the game, denying Tadeo Allende from close range and producing a superb diving stop to keep out a powerful header from substitute Fafà Picault.
In the 95th minute, El Shenawy made a brave block with his head to stop Maximiliano Falcón from winning it at the death.
Despite the MLS side's second-half pressure, Ahly remained dangerous on the counter. Hussein El Shahat and Mohamed Magdy "Afsha" were introduced late on in search of a winner.
But the final pass was often lacking, and their early dominance ultimately went unrewarded.
The official attendance was 60,927, with more than half of the crowd supporting Ahly. The large contingent of Egyptian fans created a vibrant atmosphere throughout the match.
The result leaves both sides on one point in Group A, including Brazil’s Palmeiras and Portugal’s FC Porto.
Ahly will face Palmeiras next in what could already be a decisive match for the group standings.
Find more details on group standings, match schedules, and competition statistics.
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