A report by the independent London-based Centre for Economics and Business Research (CEBR) has ranked Cairo at the bottom of a list of 35 cities ranked for their efforts to minimise greenhouse gas emissions from transport, Reuters reported on Tuesday.

Cairo came in just after Nairobi, Mumbai and Istanbul.

CEBR gauges 20 factors in ranking cities, including air pollution, carbon emissions, levels of congestion, public investments in infrastructure, green spaces, charging stations for electric vehicles, incentives for green travel and city commitments to low emissions.

Oslo, London and Amsterdam came at the top of the list for least emissions, which they have achieved with the aid of new technologies that help control emission levels and minimise air pollution, according to the report.

"Oslo is set to be the world's first city with a zero emissions transportation solution," the CEBR report said.

The Norwegian capital's metro trains, trams and buses already largely run on hydro-electricity, and Norway has the highest percentage of electric cars of any nation, according to Reuters.

The report said that second-placed London "may not seem an example of a green city to all residents," but most rely on public transport, rather than personal cars.

London, which is one of the world's most energy-efficient cities, aims to cut by 2025 greenhouse gas emissions by 60 percent from 1990 levels, promoting electric cars and bike-sharing, the report said.

Amsterdam, which came in third, has done more than almost any other city to promote cycling and to cut emissions, according to the report.