An explosive charge to simulate the destruction of a mine in the Black Sea. AFP
Even as the war is mostly fought on the ground, both sides have mined large areas near coastlines, and some undetonated projectiles from Russia's daily aerial barrages end up in bodies of water.
"An estimated 13,500 square kilometres of Ukraine's aquatic areas -- including the Dnipro River, lakes, and Black Sea coastlines -- are potentially contaminated with explosive remnants of war," the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) in Ukraine said in a statement.
Only 1.4 percent of the contaminated waters, roughly equivalent to the size of Puerto Rico, has been de-mined, with the removal of around 2,800 explosive devices.
Ukraine uses underwater robots in its de-mining efforts, and the UN said it had trained 15 specialist instructors as part of its support efforts.
In August, a mine explosion killed three beachgoers in the Black Sea coastal city of Odesa after they set off the device while swimming in a prohibited area.
Ukraine is the most mine-contaminated country in the world after more than a decade of war, since 2014 with Moscow-backed separatists in the east, and since 2022 when Russia launched its full-scale invasion.
Including land mines and other unexploded ordnance, the Ukrainian government estimates that 23 percent of its total territory, around 137,000 square kilometres, an area larger than Greece, is contaminated.
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