The announcement marks the most significant development since the US-brokered October 2025 ceasefire between Israel and Hamas, whose second phase had remained stalled for months amid disputes over implementation, continued Israeli military aggression against Gaza, and disagreements over the sequencing of the resistance's disarmament and Israel's withdrawal from the strip.
While Trump described the agreement as a "historic" breakthrough, the Israeli government has not officially endorsed the roadmap, and Hamas has stressed that implementation remains contingent on Israel fulfilling its obligations under the ceasefire.
What does the new agreement include?
According to the Board of Peace statement, the roadmap was negotiated with the mediation of Egypt, Qatar, Turkey, and the United States following months of talks.
The Board of Peace said Hamas had agreed to "an actionable plan for relinquishing all its weapons," adding that Israeli withdrawal from Gaza would follow. It said the roadmap would allow the National Committee for the Administration of Gaza (NCAG) to begin assuming authority, backed by an International Stabilization Force, while advancing "rule of law, security, and humanitarian improvement in Gaza."
Trump said the agreement would be implemented in "carefully structured phases," under which Israeli forces would withdraw as disarmament milestones are completed and verified.
According to Al Jazeera, governance of Gaza would transfer to the NCAG, a technocratic Palestinian body, while heavy weapons, tunnels, and military production sites would be dismantled and placed under the supervision of the committee and an international monitoring mechanism. No weapons would be transferred to Israel or to other Palestinian factions.
Reuters reported that a Hamas source said the draft agreement stipulates that heavy weapons would remain under the control of a future Palestinian administration rather than being handed to Israel.
Al Jazeera also reported that an International Stabilization Force (ISF) would work alongside a newly established Palestinian police force while Israeli troops gradually withdraw from the territory, with the overall implementation expected to take between 200 and 300 days.
Reconstruction and governance
The agreement places significant emphasis on Gaza's civilian recovery after nearly three years of the Israeli genocidal war on the strip, which has heavily damaged or destroyed most of the enclave's infrastructure.
On Friday, the NCAG, established in January and based in Cairo after being prevented from entering Gaza because of Israeli obstructionism, announced that it is ready to assume responsibility for administering the territory.
In a statement, the NCAG said it welcomed "the opening of a path toward beginning" implementation of the roadmap, describing it as "an important milestone for our people in the Gaza Strip."
"The NCAG affirms its full readiness to assume its responsibilities," the statement said, adding that it had completed preparations to restore public services, facilitate humanitarian aid, strengthen the rule of law, and lead recovery and reconstruction efforts.
The committee said its administration would be guided by "the principle of one authority, one law, and one security apparatus" and stressed that rebuilding Gaza would require sustained international support, financial resources and cooperation among Palestinian, regional and international partners.
According to Al Jazeera, the NCAG will coordinate with the Board of Peace, the Office of the High Representative, the ISF, and regional partners to restore public institutions, improve humanitarian conditions, lay the foundations for reconstruction, and generate economic opportunities.
Reuters also reported that, under the proposed arrangements, the committee would oversee the storage of heavy weapons and administer Gaza's civilian affairs during the transition period.
Ghazi Hamad, a member of the group's negotiating team, stated to Al Jazeera that the group will "remain an integral part of the Palestinian national fabric."
Al Jazeera earlier reported, citing a Hamas source, that employees who lose their jobs during the transition would receive legal benefits under Palestinian law, while the NCAG would audit Gaza's financial and administrative affairs and review outstanding liabilities to suppliers and contractors.
Nickolay Mladenov, the Board of Peace's High Representative for Gaza, said implementation would determine the success of the agreement.
"What the agreement says matters. What happens next matters even more," Mladenov wrote on X. "Implementation and verification have to be real. Withdrawal must move in lockstep with decommissioning."
What full implementation would mean for Gaza?
The July 2026 roadmap is designed to implement the second phase of the October 2025 ceasefire agreement, brokered by Egypt, Qatar, Turkey, and the US, which had remained largely frozen for nine months.
The original ceasefire's first phase included exchanges of Israeli and Palestinian prisoners, expanded humanitarian access, and commitments aimed at reducing hostilities.
However, implementation stalled as the Israeli side refused to start phase II, and subjected the strip to daily bombing and occupied more than 60 percent of its area.
Between October 2025 and late January 2026, Israel continued its genocidal war, violating the ceasefire hundreds of times, with estimates ranging from 730 to over 1,450 recorded violations by early 2026 through air attacks, artillery raids, shootings, and demolition operations inside Gaza.
Since the start of the ceasefire 10 months ago, daily Israeli bombing of the strip has killed nearly 1,300 Palestinians and injured hundreds more. Moreover, Israel has continued to impose restrictions on the entry of life-saving food and medicine at adequate levels to a population that faced the first-ever famine in Middle East history at the height of the genocidal war.
However, if fully implemented, the agreement could mark the beginning of the end of Israel's genocidal war on Gaza and the start of large-scale humanitarian relief and reconstruction for the territory's population of more than two million.
It would allow the reopening of key border crossings, including Rafah, Karm Abu Salem, Beit Hanoun, and other entry points, enabling the unrestricted flow of humanitarian aid, commercial goods, fuel, medical supplies, reconstruction materials, and medical evacuations.
Mediators from Egypt, Qatar, Turkey, and the US are expected to meet soon in Cairo to discuss implementation of the roadmap and reaffirm commitments by the parties.
Since mid-2025, Egypt has been ready to implement its comprehensive plan to start the reconstruction of the Gaza Strip immediately, which was endorsed by Arab and Muslim nations.
The agreement comes after nearly three years of a continuous genocidal war where Israel has trampled over multiple ceasefire agreements and forged ahead with its genocidal war against Palestinians despite regional and international condemnation.
Since October 2023, the Israeli occupation forces have killed at least 73, 341 Palestinians and wounded 174,086 others, according to the Palestinian health ministry. Additionally, nearly 10,000 Palestinians remain missing beneath the rubble.
Around 1.9 million people, roughly 90 percent of Gaza's population, remain displaced.
A joint assessment by the European Union (EU), the United Nations (UN), and the World Bank (WB), published in April, estimated that Israel’s war on Gaza has caused $35.2 billion in damage to the strip’s physical infrastructure, with the housing sector accounting for more than half of the total at $18 billion.
Commerce and industry sustained $6.35 billion in damage, followed by transport ($3.2 billion) and water and sanitation ($1.7 billion). The report said Gaza and North Gaza governorates were the hardest hit and described the scale of destruction as far exceeding that seen during the 2014 and 2021 Israeli wars on Gaza.
The assessment also estimated $22.7 billion in economic losses, including projected losses over the next three years. The health sector accounted for the largest share at $6.8 billion, followed by employment ($2.8 billion), commerce and industry ($2.5 billion), and education ($2.4 billion).
The report estimated Gaza's recovery and reconstruction needs at $71.4 billion, including $10.8 billion required during the first eight months, $15.5 billion over the following 18 months, and $45.1 billion for longer-term reconstruction over three to five years. Housing requires the largest investment at $16.2 billion, followed by agriculture and food systems ($10.5 billion), health ($10 billion) and commerce and industry ($9 billion).
It said more than 68 million metric tonnes of debris must be cleared at an estimated cost of more than $1.7 billion, while restoring healthcare, water and sanitation services, telecommunications, and roads is among the most urgent priorities.
According to the assessment, fewer than half of Gaza's hospitals and less than 38 percent of primary healthcare centres remain partially functional, while most schools have been converted into shelters for displaced people.
The report warned that Israel’s genocide has set human development in Gaza back by an estimated 77 years, with the territory's Human Development Index projected to fall to 0.339, its lowest level on record.
In tandem, UN agencies continue to warn of catastrophic humanitarian conditions. The Integrated Food Security Phase Classification (IPC) has said more than 500,000 Palestinians face catastrophic levels of food insecurity.
The United Nations Relief and Works Agency (UNRWA), the United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF), and the Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (OCHA) continue to report widespread displacement, overcrowded shelters, child malnutrition, and severe restrictions on humanitarian access.
Hamas's position
Hamas released a formal statement on Friday saying it and other Palestinian factions had engaged "in a responsible and positive manner" with "the mediators' proposals for the full implementation of the second phase of the ceasefire agreement."
The movement said Israel's "commitment to halting the killing and ending its attacks is the fundamental prerequisite and the first step in proceeding with the implementation" and reiterated that the second phase remains conditional on Israel fulfilling all obligations under the first phase of the October ceasefire.
The resistance movement added that its agreement to include heavy weapons within the framework of the deal was explicitly "linked to and conditional upon the cessation of all forms of aggression, the withdrawal from the Gaza Strip, the achievement of early recovery, the entry of the NCAG, the deployment of international protection forces, the disbanding of the armed gangs and militias formed by the occuption, and reconstruction, as well as guaranteeing the right to self-determination, establishing the independent Palestinian state, and protecting citizens' rights."
Earlier, senior Hamas officials had confirmed acceptance of its broad framework while insisting that implementation depends on Israel fulfilling its commitments.
Reuters quoted Hamas negotiator Ghazi Hamad describing the agreement as "difficult and painful," saying the movement had made concessions "to save the people of Gaza from killing and displacement."
Hamad said Hamas would only proceed after Israel implements the first phase of the October 2025 ceasefire by ending attacks, withdrawing its forces and expanding humanitarian access.
"We insisted to the mediators that Israel must abide by the October 2025 agreement," he said.
Al Jazeera reported Hamad saying the issue of weapons must be addressed as part of a broader political process and that Israel would play no role in overseeing disarmament, which instead would be managed by a Palestinian National Committee.
Al Jazeera also reported that some Palestinian factions, including Islamic Jihad, believe important details remain unresolved before a final agreement can be considered complete.
Israel's response?
Israel had not officially accepted the roadmap as of Friday.
According to Reuters, Israeli officials reiterated that any agreement "must guarantee the complete demilitarisation of Gaza before withdrawal."
"Israel demands the complete disarmament of Hamas, including the removal of weapons from Gaza, and the complete demilitarization of the strip as a precondition for any process," an Israeli official told Reuters, adding that the proposal under discussion "did not adequately address those demands."
The Guardian also reported that disagreements had already emerged over whether Hamas should disarm before or after Israeli forces withdraw from Gaza.
Meanwhile, Israeli National Security Minister Itamar Ben-Gvir rejected the proposal, saying the only acceptable outcome was "encouraging emigration and destroying Hamas."
Israel's Channel 13, cited by multiple media reports, quoted Israeli officials as saying the proposed agreement had "no chance" of being implemented.
Earlier in the week, the Israeli cabinet approved a plan to allow for the entry of the International Stabilization Force, but with a "friendly to Israel" condition.
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