Uzbekistan fell behind early but then rallied with two goals before China equalized.
Uzbekistan has reached the last eight of the Asian Cup for the third time, while China was eliminated.
Uzbekistan topped Group A with seven points, one more than host Qatar, which beat Kuwait 3-0 in its last group game. China finished with four points.
Yu Hai put China ahead in the sixth minute before Odil Akhmedov equalized in the 30th.
Alexander Geynrikh gave Uzbekistan a 2-1 lead in the 46th, but Hao Junmin scored from a free kick in the 56th to level for China.
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