The incident occurred in the 87th minute of Milan's 2-1 win over Fiorentina on Sunday, drawing a red card for the Sweden international, who later said he had been angry with himself and not with the match official.
Part of the ban is due to accumulated cards, as Ibrahimovic was returning from a two-match ban for punching a defender in the stomach last month.
Milan has a three-point lead over Napoli at the top of the table, with five-time defending champion Inter Milan a further two points back.
Ibrahimovic will miss matches against Sampdoria, Brescia and Bologna.
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