Negotiations and informal discussions (huddles) across the conference’s blue and green zones stretched for 20 hours until 4am on Sunday morning.

Participants in the closed rooms debated over the wording of the agenda item to be discussed at the conference.

Developed countries stressed that financing loss and damage would take the form of support rather than liability or compensation.

Harjeet Singh, head of global political strategy climate action network international, said: “It is indeed a betrayal of trust the way rich countries pushed developing countries to a corner to agree to a language that prevents historical polluters from compensation and liability, without offering any concrete commitment of financial support to the vulnerable people and countries already facing the climate crisis.”

Country members also agreed that the outcomes of Glasgow dialogues on loss and damage, which arose out of last year’s COP26, will be included in future COP negotiations.

The Warsaw mechanism for loss and damage, adopted at COP19 in 2013 in Warsaw, Poland, stipulates there should be a funding process to support vulnerable and developing countries that have been affected by the adverse effects of climate change

Country members also discussed Article 2.1c of the Paris agreement, which sets a critical long-term climate finance goal for parties to the agreement, namely "making finance flows consistent with a pathway towards low greenhouse gas emissions and climate-resilient development."

Developing countries rejected a suggestion from EU countries that this article be discussed separately.

In addition, further consultations are still running on keeping warming below 1.5 C, financing adaptation and revising Article Nine of the Paris Agreement that stipulates that developed countries should provide financial resources to assist developing countries in mitigation and adaptation.