Photo courtesy of Mayar Sherif's Instagram account
Sherif, 30, took the opening set 6-4 before former world number two Badosa was forced to retire after one hour and 12 minutes, with the Egyptian leading 4-0 in the second set.
The Iași title is the second WTA singles title of Sherif's career and her first since winning in Parma in 2022.
The Egyptian also extended her winning streak on clay to 15 matches.
Both Sherif and Badosa made significant gains in this week's rankings, with Sherif climbing 24 places to world number 73 and Badosa rising 22 spots to number 93.
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